What type of software manages a computer's hardware and allows other programs to run?

The type of software that manages a computer's hardware and allows other programs to run is operating systems (OS). The operating system serves as an interface between the user and the computer's hardware, facilitating communication and resource management. It performs essential tasks such as managing memory, processing tasks, and controlling peripheral devices. Additionally, the operating system provides a platform for application software to execute, making it crucial for the overall functionality of the computer.

Other types of software, while they play important roles, have different functions. Utility software typically performs maintenance tasks to optimize performance or manage resources but does not function as an intermediary for hardware and applications. Application software is designed to help the user perform specific tasks or applications, like word processing or graphic design, and requires an operating system to operate. Network software relates specifically to network communication and management, which is distinct from the overarching control provided by the operating system.