Which of the following is a risk associated with unauthorized access to digital systems?

Unauthorized access to digital systems typically leads to data corruption, which refers to the compromise and alteration of data integrity within those systems. When unauthorized users gain access, they can manipulate, delete, or corrupt data, either intentionally or unintentionally, resulting in severe consequences. This risk highlights the importance of implementing strong security measures and access controls to protect sensitive information.

In contrast, increased privacy suggests a level of confidentiality and security that is undermined by unauthorized access. Reduced software costs imply financial benefits that are generally not associated with the risks of breaches. Better security protocols would ideally be a response to security breaches rather than a consequence of unauthorized access. Therefore, the most relevant and applicable risk among the choices provided is data corruption.